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→Generate self signed certificate
=Lets Encrypt=
==Install==
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install certbot
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-nginx (for nginx)
==Create new certificate==
sudo certbot certonly --standalone
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com
==Test certificate renewal==
sudo certbot renew --dry-run
==Renew certificates==
certbot renew
==Crontab renewal==
$ sudo crontab -e
0 5 */3 * * /usr/bin/certbot -q renew
==Docs==
https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#re-creating-and-updating-existing-certificates
Fuente: www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html
Fuente: www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html
== Generate self signed certificate ==
=Check=
# Generate a Private Key
==Retrieve a Certificate==
openssl s_client -servername remote.server.net -connect gitlab.pdgrt.com:443 </dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' >pdgrt.pem
==Check a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)==
openssl req -text -noout -verify -in CSR.csr
==Check a private key==
openssl rsa -in privateKey.key -check
==Check intermediate CA==
openssl verify -CAfile herrerosolis.com.crt WebCA.crt
WebCA.crt: OK
==Check a certificate==
openssl x509 -text -noout -in certificate.crt
==Check a PKCS#12 file (.pfx or .p12)==
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
openssl pkcs12 -info -in keyStore.p12
</syntaxhighlight>
==Check an SSL connection. All the certificates (including Intermediates) should be displayed==
openssl s_client -connect www.paypal.com:443
=Convert=
==Convert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEM==
openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -out certificate.pem
==Convert a PEM file to DER==
openssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.der
==Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM==
openssl pkcs12 -in keyStore.pfx -out keyStore.pem -nodes
==Convert a PEM certif icate file and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12)==
openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt -certfile CACert.crt
==SubjectAltName==
Find your openssl.cnf file. It is likely located in /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
First, modify the req parameters. Add an alternate_names section to openssl.cnf with the names you want to use. There are no existing alternate_names sections, so it does not matter where you add it.
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = example.com
DNS.2 = www.example.com
DNS.3 = mail.example.com
DNS.4 = ftp.example.com
Next, add the following to the existing [ v3_ca ] section. Search for the exact string [ v3_ca ]:
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
You might change keyUsage to the following under [ v3_ca ]:
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
digitalSignature and keyEncipherment are standard faire for a server certificate. Don't worry about nonRepudiation. Its a useless bit thought up by comp sci guys who wanted to be lawyers. It means nothing in the legal world.
In the end, the IETF (RFC 5280), Browsers and CAs run fast and loose, so it probably does not matter what key usage you provide.
Second, modify the signing parameters. Find this line under the CA_default section:
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
And change it to:
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
copy_extensions = copy
Third, generate your self-signed:
$ openssl genrsa -out private.key 3072
$ openssl req -new -x509 -key private.key -sha256 -out certificate.pem -days 730
Finally, examine the certificate:
$ openssl x509 -in certificate.pem -text -noout
==Generate self signed certificate==
#Generate a Private Key
#:<source lang="bash"> openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 </source>
#:<source lang="bash"> openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 </source>
#:<source lang="bash"> openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 4096 </source> (better security)
#:<source lang="bash"> openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 4096 </source> (better security)
# Generate a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)
#Generate a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)
#:<source lang="bash">openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr</source> (YOUR name must be the fully qualified domain name ej: wiki.herrerosolis.com)
#:<source lang="bash">openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr</source> (YOUR name must be the fully qualified domain name ej: wiki.herrerosolis.com)
# Remove passphrase from key
#Remove passphrase from key
#:<source lang="bash">cp server.key server.key.org && openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key</source>-rw-r----- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.key<br />-rw-r--r-- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.crt
#:<source lang="bash">cp server.key server.key.org && openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key</source>-rw-r----- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.key<br />-rw-r--r-- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.crt
# Generate Self-Signed Certificate
#Generate Self-Signed Certificate
#:<source lang="bash">openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt</source>will generate a temporary certificate which is good for 365 days
#:<source lang="bash">openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt</source>will generate a temporary certificate which is good for 365 days
#* Apache:
==Create your own CA==
## Copy server.crt and server.key to apache conf ssl path chmod 640 to .key and 644 to .crt
*Create the root key
openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 4096
*self-sign this certificate
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -sha256 -days 1024 -out rootCA.pem
*Generate a certificate for each service and sign it with your root CA
openssl genrsa -out flirt.key 4096
openssl req -new -key flirt.key -out flirt.csr
openssl x509 -req -in flirt.csr -CA rootCA.pem -CAkey rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out flirt.crt -days 500 -sha256
==Generate self signed certificate one line==
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes
[https://devopscube.com/create-self-signed-certificates-openssl/ How to create Self-Signed Certificates DevopsCube]
<br />
==Installing the Private Key and Certificate==
#*Apache:
##Copy server.crt and server.key to apache conf ssl path chmod 640 to .key and 644 to .crt
##:<pre>
##:<pre>
##:: cp server.crt /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt # ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/certs
##:: cp server.crt /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt # ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/certs
##:: cp server.key /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key #ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/private </pre>Apache mod_ssl installed required, path may differ depending on apache how apache was compiled
##:: cp server.key /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key #ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/private </pre>Apache mod_ssl installed required, path may differ depending on apache how apache was compiled
## Configure Configuring SSL Enabled Virtual Hosts
##Configure Configuring SSL Enabled Virtual Hosts
##:<pre>
##:<pre>
##:: SSLEngine on
##:: SSLEngine on
##:: CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
##:: CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
##:: "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"</pre>
##:: "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"</pre>
## Restart Apache and test
##Secure SSL
#* Django (Nginx-Gunicorn)
##:<pre>
## TODO!
##:: sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enable/ssl.conf
##:: SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES
##:: SSLHonorCipherOrder on
##:: SSLProtocol TLSv1.2
##:: SSLCompression off</pre>
##Restart Apache and test
#*Django (Nginx-Gunicorn)
##TODO!
Nginx
<nowiki>server {
listen 443;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/su_dominio_com.crt; (o su_dominio_com.crt.pem)
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/su_dominio_com.key;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH+aRSA !RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS";
server_name su.dominio.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.vhost.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.vhost.error.log;
location / {
root /home/www/public_html/su.dominio.com/public/;
index index.html;
}
} </nowiki>
TODO: gunicorn: Poner aqui init.d script<br />
TODO: Django: http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/8964/trying-to-make-a-django-based-site-use-https-only-not-sure-if-its-secure
=Self Signed PKI=
TODO: https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/OpenSSL_command_line_Root_and_Intermediate_CA_including_OCSP_CRL%20and_revocation.html
=Self Signed option 1=
<source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash
# TODO: key name as parameter
#KEY_NAME=
VALID_DAYS=3650
die () {
echo >&2 "$@"
exit 1
}
[ "$#" -eq 1 ] || die "1 argument required (filename), $# provided"
KEY_NAME=$1
################## Generate key ############################################
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ${KEY_NAME}.key 4096
cp ${KEY_NAME}.key ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure
################# Remove password from key #################################
cp ${KEY_NAME}.key ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure
openssl rsa -in ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure -out ${KEY_NAME}.key
################# Generate CSR (Certificate Signing Request) ###############
openssl req -new -key ${KEY_NAME}.key -out ${KEY_NAME}.csr
################# Generate Self-Signed Certificate #########################
openssl x509 -req -days ${VALID_DAYS} -in ${KEY_NAME}.csr -signkey ${KEY_NAME}.key -out ${KEY_NAME}.crt</source>
=ssl_certificate_gen.sh=
<source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash
FQDN=$1
mkdir ${FQDN}
cp openssl.cnf ${FQDN}
openssl genrsa -out ${FQDN}.key 4096
openssl req -new -key ${FQDN}.key -out ${FQDN}.csr -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf
</source>
https://superuser.com/questions/226192/avoid-password-prompt-for-keys-and-prompts-for-dn-information<br />
https://www.endpoint.com/blog/2014/10/30/openssl-csr-with-alternative-names-one<br />
http://www.flatmtn.com/article/setting-openssl-create-certificates<br />
=openssl.cnf=
<nowiki>#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME = .
RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section = new_oids
# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions =
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
[ new_oids ]
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
dir = ./demoCA # Where everything is kept
certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.
#unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
# several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate
serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number
# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file
x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert
# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = default # use public key default MD
preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy = policy_match
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert
# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret
# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only
req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = AU
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default =
commonName = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_max = 64
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_max = 64
# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA
# PKIX recommendation.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true
# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
[ crl_ext ]
# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
####################################################################
[ tsa ]
default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section
[ tsa_config1 ]
# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir = ./demoCA # TSA root directory
serial = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device = builtin # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem # The TSA signing certificate
# (optional)
certs = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply
# (optional)
signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
default_policy = tsa_policy1 # Policy if request did not specify it
# (optional)
other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional)
digests = md5, sha1 # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional)
clock_precision_digits = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
# (optional, default: no)
tsa_name = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
# (optional, default: no)
[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = webserver02.rra.lan
DNS.2 = marco.rra.lan</nowiki>
#Copy your openssl.cnf.
#:<pre> cp /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf ./</pre>
#Modify the configuration file template at ./openssl.cnf and make the following changes:
#:<pre>
#::In section [req]
#::req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
#::Insection [v3_req]
#::subjectAltName = @alt_names
#::At the end of the configuraiton file
#::[ alt_names ]
#::DNS.1 = hostname.example.com</pre>
#Generate your certificate key
#:<pre>openssl genrsa -out hostname.example.com.key 2048</pre>
#Use the certificate key and the new openssl.cnf file to create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR):
#:<pre>openssl req -new -key hostname.example.com.key -out hostname.example.com.csr -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf</pre>
#You may either use the generated CSR to obtain a signed certificate from a recognized Certificate Authority (CA). Or, for testing purposes, you may use this to generate a self-signed certificate as follows:
#:Create a new configuration file, v3.cnf, that can host the information for the v3 requirements. Edit it to contain the following lines:
#::<pre>[v3_req]
:subjectAltName = @alt_names
:[alt_names]
:DNS.1 = hostname.example.com
#Run the following OpenSSL command to generate a self-signed certificate using the CSR and your local key:
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in hostname.example.com.csr -signkey hostname.example.com.key -out hostname.example.com.crt -extensions v3_req -extfile v3.cnf</nowiki>