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| − | '''Linux commands'''
| + | == Linux general commands == |
| − | | |
| | {| class="wikitable sortable" | | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! Commands !! Description | + | ! Command !! Description |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | tty || Shows the terminal where you are connected | + | | [[Linux_command:_alias|alias]] || Creates a commnad |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_alien|alien]] || Migrate packages from .rpm to .deb and vice versa |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | apropos <subject> || Sows commnads related to a subject |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | free || Shows free memory | + | | [[Linux_comand:_apt-get|apt-get]] || Package installation and system update |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | date || Shows date | + | | [[Linux_command:_awk|awk]] || CLI text processor |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | cal || Shows calendar | | | cal || Shows calendar |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | cat <filename> || Shows file content |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | clear || Clear screen | | | clear || Clear screen |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | who || Connected persons | + | | [[Linux_command:_date|date]] || Shows date |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_dd|dd]] || Create / Dump images |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | whoami || Who am i | + | | df || Shows the disk ussage. Example: df -h -x devtmpfs -x tmpfs |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | [[Linux_command:_uname|uname]] || Shows system info | + | | dpkg || .deb package installation: sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | [[Linux_command:_du|du]] || Disk ussage | | | [[Linux_command:_du|du]] || Disk ussage |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | df || Shows the disk ussage. Example: df -h | + | | export VARIABLE=VALUE || To create system variables |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_fsck|fsck]] || Check file system |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_fdisk|fdisk]] || Disk partition utility |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_find|find]] || Find files |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | man <command> || Sowhs a command manual page | + | | free || Shows free memory |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | apropos <subject> || Sows commnads related to a subject | + | | [[Linux:_gpg|gpg]] || GnuPG |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_comand:_grep|grep]] || finds text matching regex or text |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | head || Shows file start (-n, -f,...) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | history || Shows the commnad history (contained in ~.bash_history) |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | info <command> || Sows command info | | | info <command> || Sows command info |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | history || Shows the commnad history (contained in ~.bash_history) | + | | [[Linux_command:_ln|ln]] || Create simbolic links |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | lsb_release -a || Show os name and version |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | lsblk || |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | lspci -v || View PCI device information |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | lscpu || List cpu cores |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | lsof || <nowiki>sudo lsof -i -n | egrep '\<ssh\>'</nowiki> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | man <command> || Sowhs a command manual page |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | mc || Midnight commander. File system navigation |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | mkdosfs -F32 /dev/mmcblk0 || Format SD card with FAT32 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | more <filename> || Shows file content, screen by screen |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | mount || File sistem mounting |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | pwd || Shows working directory | | | pwd || Shows working directory |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | rsync -a ruta1 ruta2 [--exclude=/{dir1, dir2..]/] || Copies files from ruta1 to ruta2 excluding dir1, dir2,... |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux command: rename|rename]] || Rename files allowing regex |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | scp || Copy files to a remote machine over ssh protocol |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux:_SSH|ssh]] || ssh (Secure Shell) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_sed|sed]] || String replacement |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | sort || Sorts the content of a file line by line |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | su || Log as root at the terminal (sudo su) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | sudo <command>|| Execute command as root |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_tar|tar]] || Compress/decompress tar files |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux command: tail|tail]] || Shows file end (-n, -f, ...) |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | touch <file_name> || Creates an empty file | | | touch <file_name> || Creates an empty file |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | [[Linux_command:_alias|alias]] || Creates a commnad | + | | tty || Shows the terminal where you are connected |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_uname|uname]] || Shows system info |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_comand:_visudo|visudo]] || visudo is used to securely edit /etc/sudoers |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | wc -l || Counts lines |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | cat <filename> || Shows file content | + | | [[Linux_command:_wget|wget]] || Download files/web pages |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | more <filename> || Shows file content, screen by screen | + | | [[Linux:_vim|vim]] || Text file editor |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | head || Shows file start (-n, -f,...) | + | | who || Connected persons |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | tail || Shows file end (-n, -f, ...) | + | | whoami || Who am i |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | sort || Sorts the content of a file line by line | + | | [[Linux_command:_xargs|xargs]] || Send output of command to stdin |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | <nowiki><cmd1> | <cmd2></nowiki> || Pipe: takes the output of command1 as input of command2. example: <nowiki>cat /etc/passwd | sort | more</nowiki> | | | <nowiki><cmd1> | <cmd2></nowiki> || Pipe: takes the output of command1 as input of command2. example: <nowiki>cat /etc/passwd | sort | more</nowiki> |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | == Users and File permissions == |
| | + | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | ! Command !! Description |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_adduser|adduser]] || Add users |
| | + | | w || Show connected users |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || | + | | chown <NewOwner>:<NewGroup> <File>|| Change file owner |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || | + | | chgrp <NewGroup> <File> || Change group of file |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || | + | | [[Linux_command:_chmod|chmod]] || Change file permissions |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| | + | == Processes == |
| | | | |
| − | rsync -a ruta1 ruta2 [--exclude=/{dir1, dir2..]/] copia los archivos de la ruta1 en la 2 excluyendo los especificados
| + | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | ! Command !! Description |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | CTRL + C || Stop process |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | CTRL + Z || Pause process |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | %PID || Recover paused process |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | <command>& || Execute command in second plane |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bg <command> || Execute command in second plane |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_ps|ps]] || List processes |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | pstree || Show process tree |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | top || Processes viewer |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | htop || Process viewer more advanced than top |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | kill %PID || Terminate process |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_nice|nice, renice]] || Process priorities: nice -n <command> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | nohup <command> || Execute process avoiding its stop if the terminal is stopt |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | pgrep <pattern>|| Retruns process that matches pattern |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | locate <program> || Returns program path |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | grep (texto) (archivo) Busca un texto en un archivo y lo muestra
| + | == Firewall == |
| − | wc -l Cuenta las lineas
| + | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | ! Command !! Description |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux_command:_iptables|iptables]] || Firewall rules |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | service iptables [start, stop] || Activate/deactivate firewall |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | route -n || Shows routing table |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | find . -name "*.txt" Distingue entre mayusculas y minusculas
| + | == Networking == |
| − | find . -iname "*.txt" No distingue entre mayusculas y minusculas
| + | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | ! Command !! Description |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | [[Linux command: netstat|netstat]] || |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | nmap || Network mapping |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | nm-tool || Network monitor tool |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | nm-connection-editor || Network monitor editor |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | ifconfig || Show network configuration |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | iwconfig || Show WiFi connections |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | service networkmanager restart || Restart network daemon |
| | + | |} |
| | + | Network Manager configuration files:<br /> |
| | + | */etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name-of-connection |
| | + | Network configuration file: |
| | + | */etc/network/interfaces |
| | | | |
| − | Firewall
| + | == Linux key files/directories == |
| − | iptables -l lista reglas del firewall
| + | See: [[Linux:_Key_files/folders|Linux key files/directories]] |
| − | service iptables [start, stop] Activa y desactiva el firewall
| |
| − | route -n Muestra la tabla de enrutamiento
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| − | Instalar KDE
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| − | apt-get install kali-defaults kali-root-login desktop-base kde-full
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| − |
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| − | Actualizar Kali
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| − | apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade
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| | | | |
| − | INSTALACION PROGRAMAS
| |
| | | | |
| − | sudo apt-cache search qbasic
| + | == Programs == |
| − | | + | {| class="wikitable sortable" |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | Instalar *.deb
| + | ! Command !! Description |
| − | sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
| + | |- |
| − | Instalar *.rpm
| + | | [[Linux_command:_git|git]] || Software repository |
| − | dev to rpm
| + | |- |
| − | alien --to-rpm package.deb
| + | | coursera-dl || |
| − | rpm to dev
| + | |- |
| − | alien --to-deb package.rpm
| + | | [[Jp2a|jp2a]] || Jpg to ASCII |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | su Logear root en terminal
| + | | [[Linux:_John|john]] || John the ripper |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | apt-get (update/install remove apt-cache searc)
| + | | [[Linux:_macchanger|macchanger]] || Change MAC address |
| − | /etc/sources.list lista de repositorios de paquetes
| + | |- |
| − | | + | | openvpn || Connect to VPN |
| − | aptitude --purge paquete desinstala un paquete
| + | |- |
| − | mc midnight commander
| + | | [[Linux_command:_terminator|terminator]] || Advanced terminal |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | Montar/desmontar discos
| + | | [[Virtualenv|virtualenv]] || Create virtual enviroments |
| − | df -h Muestra lo que hay montado
| + | |- |
| − | fdisk -l Muestra las particiones
| + | | [[Virtualenvwrapper|virtualenvwrapper]] || Simplify virtualenv ussage |
| − | mount -t vfat[ntfs-3g] /dev/hda /media/sdb ntfs-3g es un paquete que hay que instalar.
| + | |- |
| − | para cd iso990
| + | | [[Linux:_youtube-dl|youtube-dl]] || YouTube video downloader |
| − | | + | |} |
| − | COMPILAR KERNEL
| + | vnc:escritorio remoto |
| − | 1.- Descargar fuentes
| + | == Save command without running to recover later == |
| − | apt-get install (version nucleo se averigua con uname -r)
| + | ctrl+u --> saves |
| − | se guarda en /usr/src/versionkernel
| + | ctrl+y --> recover |
| − | descomprimir el archivo con tar xvf archivo
| |
| − | entrar en la carpeta descomprimida
| |
| − | 2.- Configurar
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| − | 3.- Compilar
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| − | instalar build-essential y libncurses5-dev (con apt-get install)
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| − | make clean limpia anteriores compilaciones
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| − | make menuconfig
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| − | make deb-pkg
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| − | se generan: linux-image.dev linux-libc.dev linux-headers.deb instalar con
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| − | dpkg -i
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | WGET
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| − | wget -xr website.com will download recursively all the files on that site
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| − | -r
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| − | --recursive
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| − | Turn on recursive retrieving. The default maximum depth is 5.
| |
| − | -l depth
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| − | --level=depth
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| − | Specify recursion maximum depth level depth
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| − | | |
| − | wget -m http://nombredelsitioweb.com
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| − | wget -H -r --level=1 -k -p http://nombredelsitioweb.com"
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| − | | |
| − | TERMINATOR
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| − | inciar: terminator
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| − | | |
| − | dividir horizontal: CTRL+SHIFT+O
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| − | dividir vertical CTRL+SHIFT+E
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| − | Redimensionar CTRL+SHIFT+FLECHAS
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| − | carmibar de terminal: ALT+FLECHA
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| − | Copiar: CTRL+SHIFT+C
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| − | Pegar: CTRL+SHIFT+V
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| − | Cerrar ventana: CTRL+SHIFT+W
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| − | Mostrartodos/Mostrar 1: CTRL+SHIFT+X
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| − | Cerrar todo: CTRL+SHIFT+Q
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| − | Ampliar/reducir texto: CTRL+ '+/-'
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| − | Agrupar todos los terminales en una ventana: SUPER+t
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| − | Desagrupar todos los terminales de una ventana: SUPER+SHIFT+T
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| − | | |
| − | Archivo de configuración: /.config/terminator/config +++man terminator_config
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| − | | |
| − | PROCESOS
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| − | Listar procesos: jobs
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| − | Para ejecutar en segundo plano poner $
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| − | Interrumpir proceso CTRL + C
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| − | Pausar proceso CTRL + Z
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| − | Recuperar proceso pausado: %PID
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| − | Reanudar proceso detenido en segundo plano: bg %PID
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| − | Información de procesos: ps, pstree, top, htop (ps -ef)
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| − | Parar proceso: kill %PID
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| − | Establecer prioridades: nice -n -5 COMANDO, renice 7 PID
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| − | Ejecutar procesos evitando que se paren si se cierra la terminal: nohup COMANDO
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| − | top, atop, htop: utilidades procesos completilla
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| − | pgrep: devuelve el pid del proceso que coincide con la busqueda
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| − | locate programa: encuentra la ubicación de un programa
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| − | | |
| − | scp archivoorigen usuarioremoto@máquinaremota:destino
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| − | vnc:escritorio remoto
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| − | | |
| − | USUARIOS
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| − | w: Muestra los usuarios conectados
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| − | du: disk usage
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| − | chown nuevopropietario:nuevogrupo nombrearchivo
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| − | chgrp nuevogrupo nombrearchivo
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| − | | |
| − | VIM
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| − | i
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| − | w
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| − | wq
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| − | q!
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| − | yy copia linea
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| − | dd corta linea
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| − | p pegar
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| − | | |
| − | JOHN
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| − | se crea el directorio /root/.john
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| − | john --wordlist:[archivodiccionario] [archivo paswords]
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| − | john --show[=LEFT] show cracked passwords [if =LEFT, then uncracked]
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| − | | |
| − | ARCHIVOS IMPORTANTES
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| − | /etc/sudoers
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| − | carpetas de archivos ejecutables (para cada usuario en archivo home .bashrc, abrir con vim.bashrc)
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| − | (Ver /usr/share/doc/examples/startup-files del paquete bash-doc)
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| − | /opt/sge/bin
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| − | /usr/local/bin
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| − | /etc/init.d/ "directorio para los escripts de los daemons aplicaciones arrancan al inicio.
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| − | | |
| − | RED
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| − | /etc/network/interfaces Configuración de red
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| − | /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name-of-connection
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| − | NETWORK
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| − | nm-tool
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| − | nm-connection-editor
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| − | /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name-of-connection
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| − | iwconfig: Muestra las conexiones inalambrica
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| − | service networkmanager restart: Reinicia network manager
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| − | service networking restart: Reinicia el demonio de red
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| − | HARDWARE
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| − | lspci -v: Muestra información dispositivos PCI
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