Difference between revisions of "Linux commands"

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== Linux general commands ==
 
== Linux general commands ==
−
 
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Command !! Description
 
! Command !! Description
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tty || Shows the terminal where you are connected
+
| [[Linux_command:_alias|alias]] || Creates a commnad
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_alien|alien]] || Migrate packages from .rpm to .deb and vice versa
 +
|-
 +
| apropos <subject> || Sows commnads related to a subject
 
|-
 
|-
−
| free || Shows free memory
+
| [[Linux_comand:_apt-get|apt-get]] || Package installation and system update
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_date|date]] || Shows date
+
| [[Linux_command:_awk|awk]] || CLI text processor
 
|-
 
|-
 
| cal || Shows calendar
 
| cal || Shows calendar
 +
|-
 +
| cat <filename> || Shows file content
 
|-
 
|-
 
| clear || Clear screen
 
| clear || Clear screen
 
|-
 
|-
−
| who || Connected persons
+
| [[Linux_command:_date|date]] || Shows date
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_dd|dd]] || Create / Dump images
 
|-
 
|-
−
| whoami || Who am i
+
| df || Shows the disk ussage. Example: df -h -x devtmpfs -x tmpfs
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_uname|uname]] || Shows system info
+
| dpkg || .deb package installation: sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Linux_command:_du|du]] || Disk ussage  
 
| [[Linux_command:_du|du]] || Disk ussage  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| df || Shows the disk ussage. Example: df -h 
+
| export VARIABLE=VALUE || To create system variables
 
|-
 
|-
−
| man <command> || Sowhs a command manual page 
+
| [[Linux_command:_fsck|fsck]] || Check file system
 
|-
 
|-
−
| apropos <subject> || Sows commnads related to a subject
+
| [[Linux_command:_fdisk|fdisk]] || Disk partition utility
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_find|find]] || Find files
 +
|-
 +
| free || Shows free memory
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux:_gpg|gpg]] || GnuPG
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_comand:_grep|grep]] || finds text matching regex or text
 +
|-
 +
| head || Shows file start (-n, -f,...)
 +
|-
 +
| history || Shows the commnad history (contained in ~.bash_history)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| info <command> || Sows command info
 
| info <command> || Sows command info
 
|-
 
|-
−
| history || Shows the commnad history (contained in ~.bash_history)
+
| [[Linux_command:_ln|ln]] || Create simbolic links
 +
|-
 +
| lsb_release -a || Show os name and version
 +
|-
 +
| lsblk ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| pwd || Shows working directory
+
| lspci -v || View PCI device information
 
|-
 
|-
−
| touch <file_name> || Creates an empty file
+
| lscpu || List cpu cores
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_alias|alias]] || Creates a commnad
+
| lsof || <nowiki>sudo lsof -i -n | egrep '\<ssh\>'</nowiki>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| cat <filename> || Shows file content
+
| man <command> || Sowhs a command manual page
 
|-
 
|-
−
| more <filename> || Shows file content, screen by screen
+
| mc || Midnight commander. File system navigation
 
|-
 
|-
−
| head || Shows file start (-n, -f,...)
+
| mkdosfs -F32 /dev/mmcblk0 || Format SD card with FAT32
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tail || Shows file end (-n, -f, ...)
+
| more <filename> || Shows file content, screen by screen
 
|-
 
|-
−
| sort || Sorts the content of a file line by line
+
| mount || File sistem mounting
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <nowiki><cmd1> | <cmd2></nowiki> || Pipe: takes the output of command1 as input of command2. example: <nowiki>cat /etc/passwd | sort | more</nowiki>
+
| pwd || Shows working directory
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rsync -a ruta1 ruta2 [--exclude=/{dir1, dir2..]/] || Copies files from ruta1 to ruta2 excluding dir1, dir2,...
 
| rsync -a ruta1 ruta2 [--exclude=/{dir1, dir2..]/] || Copies files from ruta1 to ruta2 excluding dir1, dir2,...
 
|-
 
|-
−
| grep <text> || finds text
+
| [[Linux command: rename|rename]] || Rename files allowing regex
 
|-
 
|-
−
| wc -l || Counts lines
+
| scp || Copy files to a remote machine over ssh protocol
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_find|find]] || Find files
+
| [[Linux:_SSH|ssh]] || ssh (Secure Shell)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_comand:_apt-get|apt-get]] || Package installation and system update
+
| [[Linux_command:_sed|sed]] || String replacement
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dpkg || .deb package installation: sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
+
| sort || Sorts the content of a file line by line
 
|-
 
|-
 
| su || Log as root at the terminal (sudo su)
 
| su || Log as root at the terminal (sudo su)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mount || File sistem mounting
+
| sudo <command>|| Execute command as root
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_tar|tar]] || Compress/decompress tar files
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux command: tail|tail]] || Shows file end (-n, -f, ...)
 +
|-
 +
| touch <file_name> || Creates an empty file
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux:_vim|vim]] || Text file editor
+
| tty || Shows the terminal where you are connected
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mc || Midnight commander. File system navigation
+
| [[Linux_command:_uname|uname]] || Shows system info
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_alien|alien]] || Migrate packages from .rpm to .deb and vice versa
+
| [[Linux_comand:_visudo|visudo]] || visudo is used to securely edit /etc/sudoers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| scp || Copy files to a remote machine over ssh protocol
+
| wc -l || Counts lines
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Linux_command:_wget|wget]] || Download files/web pages
 
| [[Linux_command:_wget|wget]] || Download files/web pages
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_fdisk|fdisk]] || Disk partition utility
+
| [[Linux:_vim|vim]] || Text file editor
 +
|-
 +
| who || Connected persons
 +
|-
 +
| whoami || Who am i
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Linux_command:_terminator|terminator]] || Advanced terminal
+
| [[Linux_command:_xargs|xargs]] || Send output of command to stdin
 
|-
 
|-
−
| lspci -v || View PCI device information
+
| <nowiki><cmd1> | <cmd2></nowiki> || Pipe: takes the output of command1 as input of command2. example: <nowiki>cat /etc/passwd | sort | more</nowiki>
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
−
* Bulleted list item
 
  
 
== Users and File permissions ==
 
== Users and File permissions ==
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|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
vnc:escritorio remoto
 
  
 
== Firewall ==
 
== Firewall ==
Line 156: Line 184:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Command !! Description
 
! Command !! Description
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux command: netstat|netstat]] ||
 +
|-
 +
| nmap || Network mapping
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nm-tool || Network monitor tool
 
| nm-tool || Network monitor tool
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== Linux key files/directories ==
 
== Linux key files/directories ==
 
See: [[Linux:_Key_files/folders|Linux key files/directories]]
 
See: [[Linux:_Key_files/folders|Linux key files/directories]]
 +
  
 
== Programs ==
 
== Programs ==
Line 179: Line 212:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Command !! Description
 
! Command !! Description
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_git|git]] || Software repository
 +
|-
 +
| coursera-dl ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[Jp2a|jp2a]] || Jpg to ASCII
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Linux:_John|john]] || John the ripper
 
| [[Linux:_John|john]] || John the ripper
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux:_macchanger|macchanger]] || Change MAC address
 +
|-
 +
| openvpn || Connect to VPN
 +
|-
 +
| [[Linux_command:_terminator|terminator]] || Advanced terminal
 +
|-
 +
| [[Virtualenv|virtualenv]] || Create virtual enviroments
 +
|-
 +
| [[Virtualenvwrapper|virtualenvwrapper]] || Simplify virtualenv ussage
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Linux:_youtube-dl|youtube-dl]] || YouTube video downloader
 
| [[Linux:_youtube-dl|youtube-dl]] || YouTube video downloader
 
|}
 
|}
 +
vnc:escritorio remoto
 +
== Save command without running to recover later ==
 +
ctrl+u --> saves
 +
ctrl+y --> recover

Latest revision as of 17:51, 10 September 2018

Linux general commands

Command Description
alias Creates a commnad
alien Migrate packages from .rpm to .deb and vice versa
apropos <subject> Sows commnads related to a subject
apt-get Package installation and system update
awk CLI text processor
cal Shows calendar
cat <filename> Shows file content
clear Clear screen
date Shows date
dd Create / Dump images
df Shows the disk ussage. Example: df -h -x devtmpfs -x tmpfs
dpkg .deb package installation: sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
du Disk ussage
export VARIABLE=VALUE To create system variables
fsck Check file system
fdisk Disk partition utility
find Find files
free Shows free memory
gpg GnuPG
grep finds text matching regex or text
head Shows file start (-n, -f,...)
history Shows the commnad history (contained in ~.bash_history)
info <command> Sows command info
ln Create simbolic links
lsb_release -a Show os name and version
lsblk
lspci -v View PCI device information
lscpu List cpu cores
lsof sudo lsof -i -n | egrep '\<ssh\>'
man <command> Sowhs a command manual page
mc Midnight commander. File system navigation
mkdosfs -F32 /dev/mmcblk0 Format SD card with FAT32
more <filename> Shows file content, screen by screen
mount File sistem mounting
pwd Shows working directory
rsync -a ruta1 ruta2 [--exclude=/{dir1, dir2..]/] Copies files from ruta1 to ruta2 excluding dir1, dir2,...
rename Rename files allowing regex
scp Copy files to a remote machine over ssh protocol
ssh ssh (Secure Shell)
sed String replacement
sort Sorts the content of a file line by line
su Log as root at the terminal (sudo su)
sudo <command> Execute command as root
tar Compress/decompress tar files
tail Shows file end (-n, -f, ...)
touch <file_name> Creates an empty file
tty Shows the terminal where you are connected
uname Shows system info
visudo visudo is used to securely edit /etc/sudoers
wc -l Counts lines
wget Download files/web pages
vim Text file editor
who Connected persons
whoami Who am i
xargs Send output of command to stdin
<cmd1> | <cmd2> Pipe: takes the output of command1 as input of command2. example: cat /etc/passwd | sort | more

Users and File permissions

Command Description
adduser Add users w Show connected users
chown <NewOwner>:<NewGroup> <File> Change file owner
chgrp <NewGroup> <File> Change group of file
chmod Change file permissions

Processes

Command Description
CTRL + C Stop process
CTRL + Z Pause process
%PID Recover paused process
<command>& Execute command in second plane
bg <command> Execute command in second plane
ps List processes
pstree Show process tree
top Processes viewer
htop Process viewer more advanced than top
kill %PID Terminate process
nice, renice Process priorities: nice -n <command>
nohup <command> Execute process avoiding its stop if the terminal is stopt
pgrep <pattern> Retruns process that matches pattern
locate <program> Returns program path

Firewall

Command Description
iptables Firewall rules
service iptables [start, stop] Activate/deactivate firewall
route -n Shows routing table

Networking

Command Description
netstat
nmap Network mapping
nm-tool Network monitor tool
nm-connection-editor Network monitor editor
ifconfig Show network configuration
iwconfig Show WiFi connections
service networkmanager restart Restart network daemon

Network Manager configuration files:

  • /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name-of-connection

Network configuration file:

  • /etc/network/interfaces

Linux key files/directories

See: Linux key files/directories


Programs

Command Description
git Software repository
coursera-dl
jp2a Jpg to ASCII
john John the ripper
macchanger Change MAC address
openvpn Connect to VPN
terminator Advanced terminal
virtualenv Create virtual enviroments
virtualenvwrapper Simplify virtualenv ussage
youtube-dl YouTube video downloader

vnc:escritorio remoto

Save command without running to recover later

ctrl+u --> saves
ctrl+y --> recover
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