SSL Certificate

Lets Encrypt

Install

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install certbot
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-nginx (for nginx) 

Create new certificate

sudo certbot certonly --standalone
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

Test certificate renewal

sudo certbot renew --dry-run

Renew certificates

certbot renew

Crontab renewal

$ sudo crontab -e

0  5 */3 * * /usr/bin/certbot -q renew

Docs

https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#re-creating-and-updating-existing-certificates

Fuente: www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html

Check

Retrieve a Certificate

openssl s_client -servername remote.server.net -connect gitlab.pdgrt.com:443 </dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' >pdgrt.pem

Check a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

openssl req -text -noout -verify -in CSR.csr

Check a private key

openssl rsa -in privateKey.key -check

Check intermediate CA

openssl verify -CAfile herrerosolis.com.crt WebCA.crt 
WebCA.crt: OK

Check a certificate

openssl x509 -text -noout -in certificate.crt

Check a PKCS#12 file (.pfx or .p12)

openssl pkcs12 -info -in keyStore.p12

Check an SSL connection. All the certificates (including Intermediates) should be displayed

openssl s_client -connect www.paypal.com:443

Convert

Convert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEM

openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -out certificate.pem

Convert a PEM file to DER

openssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.der

Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM

openssl pkcs12 -in keyStore.pfx -out keyStore.pem -nodes

Convert a PEM certif icate file and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12)

    openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt -certfile CACert.crt

SubjectAltName

Find your openssl.cnf file. It is likely located in /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf

First, modify the req parameters. Add an alternate_names section to openssl.cnf with the names you want to use. There are no existing alternate_names sections, so it does not matter where you add it.

[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1        = example.com
DNS.2        = www.example.com
DNS.3        = mail.example.com
DNS.4        = ftp.example.com

Next, add the following to the existing [ v3_ca ] section. Search for the exact string [ v3_ca ]:

subjectAltName      = @alternate_names

You might change keyUsage to the following under [ v3_ca ]:

keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

digitalSignature and keyEncipherment are standard faire for a server certificate. Don't worry about nonRepudiation. Its a useless bit thought up by comp sci guys who wanted to be lawyers. It means nothing in the legal world.

In the end, the IETF (RFC 5280), Browsers and CAs run fast and loose, so it probably does not matter what key usage you provide. Second, modify the signing parameters. Find this line under the CA_default section:

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy

And change it to:

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
copy_extensions = copy

Third, generate your self-signed:

$ openssl genrsa -out private.key 3072
$ openssl req -new -x509 -key private.key -sha256 -out certificate.pem -days 730

Finally, examine the certificate:

$ openssl x509 -in certificate.pem -text -noout

Generate self signed certificate

1. Generate a Private Key

    openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
   

    openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 4096
   

   (better security)

2. Generate a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)

   openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
   

   (YOUR name must be the fully qualified domain name ej: wiki.herrerosolis.com)

3. Remove passphrase from key

   cp server.key server.key.org && openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
   

   -rw-r----- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.key
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root ssl-cert 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.crt

4. Generate Self-Signed Certificate

   openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
   

   will generate a temporary certificate which is good for 365 days

Create your own CA

• Create the root key

openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 4096

• self-sign this certificate

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -sha256 -days 1024 -out rootCA.pem

• Generate a certificate for each service and sign it with your root CA

openssl genrsa -out flirt.key 4096
openssl req -new -key flirt.key -out flirt.csr
openssl x509 -req -in flirt.csr -CA rootCA.pem -CAkey rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out flirt.crt -days 500 -sha256

Generate self signed certificate one line

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes

How to create Self-Signed Certificates DevopsCube

Installing the Private Key and Certificate

1. • Apache:
   1. Copy server.crt and server.key to apache conf ssl path chmod 640 to .key and 644 to .crt

      cp server.crt /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt # ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/certs
      cp server.key /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key #ALTERNATIVE: /etc/ssl/private 

      Apache mod_ssl installed required, path may differ depending on apache how apache was compiled

   2. Configure Configuring SSL Enabled Virtual Hosts

      SSLEngine on
      SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
      SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key/server.key
      SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown
      CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
      "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"

   3. Secure SSL

      sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enable/ssl.conf
      SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES
      SSLHonorCipherOrder on
      SSLProtocol TLSv1.2
      SSLCompression off

   4. Restart Apache and test
   • Django (Nginx-Gunicorn)
   1. TODO!

Nginx

server {
   
   listen   443;
   
   ssl    on;
   ssl_certificate    /etc/ssl/su_dominio_com.crt; (o su_dominio_com.crt.pem)
   ssl_certificate_key    /etc/ssl/su_dominio_com.key;
   add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;
   ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
   ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
   ssl_ciphers "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH+aRSA !RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS";
   server_name su.dominio.com;
   access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.vhost.access.log;
   error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.vhost.error.log;
   location / {
   root   /home/www/public_html/su.dominio.com/public/;
   index  index.html;
   }
   
   } 

TODO: gunicorn: Poner aqui init.d script
TODO: Django: http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/8964/trying-to-make-a-django-based-site-use-https-only-not-sure-if-its-secure

Self Signed PKI

TODO: https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/OpenSSL_command_line_Root_and_Intermediate_CA_including_OCSP_CRL%20and_revocation.html

Self Signed option 1

#!/bin/bash
# TODO: key name as parameter
#KEY_NAME=

VALID_DAYS=3650
die () {
    echo >&2 "$@"
    exit 1
}

[ "$#" -eq 1 ] || die "1 argument required (filename), $# provided"
KEY_NAME=$1

##################   Generate key  ############################################
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ${KEY_NAME}.key 4096
cp ${KEY_NAME}.key ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure

#################   Remove password from key  #################################
cp ${KEY_NAME}.key ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure
openssl rsa -in ${KEY_NAME}.key.secure -out ${KEY_NAME}.key

#################   Generate CSR (Certificate Signing Request)  ###############
openssl req -new -key ${KEY_NAME}.key -out ${KEY_NAME}.csr

#################   Generate Self-Signed Certificate  #########################
openssl x509 -req -days ${VALID_DAYS} -in ${KEY_NAME}.csr -signkey ${KEY_NAME}.key -out ${KEY_NAME}.crt

ssl_certificate_gen.sh

#!/bin/bash
FQDN=$1
mkdir ${FQDN}
cp openssl.cnf ${FQDN}
openssl genrsa -out ${FQDN}.key 4096
openssl req -new -key ${FQDN}.key -out ${FQDN}.csr -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf

https://superuser.com/questions/226192/avoid-password-prompt-for-keys-and-prompts-for-dn-information
https://www.endpoint.com/blog/2014/10/30/openssl-csr-with-alternative-names-one
http://www.flatmtn.com/article/setting-openssl-create-certificates

openssl.cnf

#
   # OpenSSL example configuration file.
   # This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
   #
   
   # This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
   # defined.
   HOME			= .
   RANDFILE		= $ENV::HOME/.rnd
   
   # Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
   #oid_file		= $ENV::HOME/.oid
   oid_section		= new_oids
   
   # To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
   # "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
   # X.509v3 extensions to use:
   # extensions		= 
   # (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
   # X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
   
   [ new_oids ]
   
   # We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
   # Add a simple OID like this:
   # testoid1=1.2.3.4
   # Or use config file substitution like this:
   # testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
   
   # Policies used by the TSA examples.
   tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
   tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
   tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
   
   ####################################################################
   [ ca ]
   default_ca	= CA_default		# The default ca section
   
   ####################################################################
   [ CA_default ]
   
   dir		= ./demoCA		# Where everything is kept
   certs		= $dir/certs		# Where the issued certs are kept
   crl_dir		= $dir/crl		# Where the issued crl are kept
   database	= $dir/index.txt	# database index file.
   #unique_subject	= no			# Set to 'no' to allow creation of
   					# several ctificates with same subject.
   new_certs_dir	= $dir/newcerts		# default place for new certs.
   
   certificate	= $dir/cacert.pem 	# The CA certificate
   serial		= $dir/serial 		# The current serial number
   crlnumber	= $dir/crlnumber	# the current crl number
   					# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
   crl		= $dir/crl.pem 		# The current CRL
   private_key	= $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
   RANDFILE	= $dir/private/.rand	# private random number file
   
   x509_extensions	= usr_cert		# The extentions to add to the cert
   
   # Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
   # (and highly broken) format.
   name_opt 	= ca_default		# Subject Name options
   cert_opt 	= ca_default		# Certificate field options
   
   # Extension copying option: use with caution.
   # copy_extensions = copy
   
   # Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
   # so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
   # crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
   # crl_extensions	= crl_ext
   
   default_days	= 365			# how long to certify for
   default_crl_days= 30			# how long before next CRL
   default_md	= default		# use public key default MD
   preserve	= no			# keep passed DN ordering
   
   # A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
   # For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
   # and supplied fields are just that :-)
   policy		= policy_match
   
   # For the CA policy
   [ policy_match ]
   countryName		= match
   stateOrProvinceName	= match
   organizationName	= match
   organizationalUnitName	= optional
   commonName		= supplied
   emailAddress		= optional
   
   # For the 'anything' policy
   # At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
   # types.
   [ policy_anything ]
   countryName		= optional
   stateOrProvinceName	= optional
   localityName		= optional
   organizationName	= optional
   organizationalUnitName	= optional
   commonName		= supplied
   emailAddress		= optional
   
   ####################################################################
   [ req ]
   default_bits		= 2048
   default_keyfile 	= privkey.pem
   distinguished_name	= req_distinguished_name
   attributes		= req_attributes
   x509_extensions	= v3_ca	# The extentions to add to the self signed cert
   
   # Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
   # input_password = secret
   # output_password = secret
   
   # This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. 
   # default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
   # pkix	 : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
   # utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
   # nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
   # MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
   # WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
   string_mask = utf8only
   
   req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
   
   [ req_distinguished_name ]
   countryName			= Country Name (2 letter code)
   countryName_default		= AU
   countryName_min			= 2
   countryName_max			= 2
   
   stateOrProvinceName		= State or Province Name (full name)
   stateOrProvinceName_default	= Some-State
   
   localityName			= Locality Name (eg, city)
   
   0.organizationName		= Organization Name (eg, company)
   0.organizationName_default	= Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
   
   # we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
   #1.organizationName		= Second Organization Name (eg, company)
   #1.organizationName_default	= World Wide Web Pty Ltd
   
   organizationalUnitName		= Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
   #organizationalUnitName_default	=
   
   commonName			= Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
   commonName_max			= 64
   
   emailAddress			= Email Address
   emailAddress_max		= 64
   
   # SET-ex3			= SET extension number 3
   
   [ req_attributes ]
   challengePassword		= A challenge password
   challengePassword_min		= 4
   challengePassword_max		= 20
   
   unstructuredName		= An optional company name
   
   [ usr_cert ]
   
   # These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
   
   # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
   # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
   
   basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
   
   # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
   # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
   
   # This is OK for an SSL server.
   # nsCertType			= server
   
   # For an object signing certificate this would be used.
   # nsCertType = objsign
   
   # For normal client use this is typical
   # nsCertType = client, email
   
   # and for everything including object signing:
   # nsCertType = client, email, objsign
   
   # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
   # keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
   
   # This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
   nsComment			= "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
   
   # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
   subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
   authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
   
   # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
   # Import the email address.
   # subjectAltName=email:copy
   # An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
   # deprecated according to PKIX.
   # subjectAltName=email:move
   
   # Copy subject details
   # issuerAltName=issuer:copy
   
   #nsCaRevocationUrl		= http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
   #nsBaseUrl
   #nsRevocationUrl
   #nsRenewalUrl
   #nsCaPolicyUrl
   #nsSslServerName
   
   # This is required for TSA certificates.
   # extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
   
   [ v3_req ]
   
   # Extensions to add to a certificate request
   
   basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
   keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
   subjectAltName = @alt_names
   [ v3_ca ]
   
   
   # Extensions for a typical CA
   
   
   # PKIX recommendation.
   
   subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
   
   authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
   
   # This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
   # extensions.
   #basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
   # So we do this instead.
   basicConstraints = CA:true
   
   # Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
   # prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
   # left out by default.
   # keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
   
   # Some might want this also
   # nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
   
   # Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
   # subjectAltName=email:copy
   # Copy issuer details
   # issuerAltName=issuer:copy
   
   # DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
   # obj=DER:02:03
   # Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
   # You can even override a supported extension:
   # basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
   
   [ crl_ext ]
   
   # CRL extensions.
   # Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
   
   # issuerAltName=issuer:copy
   authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
   
   [ proxy_cert_ext ]
   # These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
   
   # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
   # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
   
   basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
   
   # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
   # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
   
   # This is OK for an SSL server.
   # nsCertType			= server
   
   # For an object signing certificate this would be used.
   # nsCertType = objsign
   
   # For normal client use this is typical
   # nsCertType = client, email
   
   # and for everything including object signing:
   # nsCertType = client, email, objsign
   
   # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
   # keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
   
   # This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
   nsComment			= "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
   
   # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
   subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
   authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
   
   # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
   # Import the email address.
   # subjectAltName=email:copy
   # An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
   # deprecated according to PKIX.
   # subjectAltName=email:move
   
   # Copy subject details
   # issuerAltName=issuer:copy
   
   #nsCaRevocationUrl		= http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
   #nsBaseUrl
   #nsRevocationUrl
   #nsRenewalUrl
   #nsCaPolicyUrl
   #nsSslServerName
   
   # This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
   proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
   
   ####################################################################
   [ tsa ]
   
   default_tsa = tsa_config1	# the default TSA section
   
   [ tsa_config1 ]
   
   # These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
   dir		= ./demoCA		# TSA root directory
   serial		= $dir/tsaserial	# The current serial number (mandatory)
   crypto_device	= builtin		# OpenSSL engine to use for signing
   signer_cert	= $dir/tsacert.pem 	# The TSA signing certificate
   					# (optional)
   certs		= $dir/cacert.pem	# Certificate chain to include in reply
   					# (optional)
   signer_key	= $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
   
   default_policy	= tsa_policy1		# Policy if request did not specify it
   					# (optional)
   other_policies	= tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3	# acceptable policies (optional)
   digests		= md5, sha1		# Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
   accuracy	= secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100	# (optional)
   clock_precision_digits  = 0	# number of digits after dot. (optional)
   ordering		= yes	# Is ordering defined for timestamps?
   				# (optional, default: no)
   tsa_name		= yes	# Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
   				# (optional, default: no)
   ess_cert_id_chain	= no	# Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
   				# (optional, default: no)
   [ alt_names ]
   DNS.1 = webserver02.rra.lan
   DNS.2 = marco.rra.lan

1. Copy your openssl.cnf.

    cp /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf ./

2. Modify the configuration file template at ./openssl.cnf and make the following changes:

   In section [req]
   req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
   Insection [v3_req]
   subjectAltName = @alt_names
   At the end of the configuraiton file
   [ alt_names ]
   DNS.1 = hostname.example.com

3. Generate your certificate key

   openssl genrsa -out hostname.example.com.key 2048

4. Use the certificate key and the new openssl.cnf file to create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR):

   openssl req -new -key hostname.example.com.key -out hostname.example.com.csr -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf

5. You may either use the generated CSR to obtain a signed certificate from a recognized Certificate Authority (CA). Or, for testing purposes, you may use this to generate a self-signed certificate as follows:

   Create a new configuration file, v3.cnf, that can host the information for the v3 requirements. Edit it to contain the following lines:

   [v3_req]

subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]

DNS.1 = hostname.example.com

1. Run the following OpenSSL command to generate a self-signed certificate using the CSR and your local key:

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in hostname.example.com.csr -signkey hostname.example.com.key -out hostname.example.com.crt -extensions v3_req -extfile v3.cnf</nowiki>